Improvement in methods of manufacturing lime and cement



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Tf. 1 l l 7'.v 1875i A.jsMrT'a.

-I METHoD oF xANUPAcTUnI-NG LIME am GEMEN No. 174,387. y. 'Pa-'tiegud March /mamwww funn@ mww d m a m v Y .3 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. SMITH..

METHOD oF MANUFAGTUMNGLIME AND.CEMENT. v No.174,387v. Patented March 7,' 187,6.

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N.PF.TERS, FMOTO-LITgOGRAPHER. WASH |NG10N. (1CA asneets-sheetsQ A. SMITH.

METI'IOb v0F' MANUFACTURING LIME AND' CEMENTL-l Y No..1v74,38 7. Patented March 7, 1876'.`

. l` f4 lqr" l jI@ d l 'l HI @n/esse A Y MQW/ MPLTERS, PHOTO'LITHOGRAFMER, WASHINGTON, D, C.

i "To 'all whm it indy` concern:

a part of this specification.

UNITED Y'SM-PES y ANANIAs SMITH, oF BUFFALO, NEW vonk.

IMPRoyEMEN-r |N METHODS oF MANUFACTURING LIME AND CEMENT.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 174,`387, dated March 7, 1876; application filed l'february523,1876.

Beit -lmwn 151m.f I, ANANIAS smrn, of the city of Buffalo,,county of Erie and State of .New York,'have Vinvented certain new and fus'efullmprovements in the Art of Manufacturing Limeand Gement5fand I do hereby Y declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theV same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming Heretofore the calcinationoflime bythe use of coal, whichis the principal fuel used,

has been attended `by great loss of such fuel, and the lime produced has been irregular and "deteriorated in quality. This is owing to the difference in the qualityand quantity of coal lconsumed'in'a giventime,the impossibilityof controlling the combustion so as lto insure an even degree'of heat,` which is necessary-.to

. 'prevent"the product beingl under or over burnt, and to adapt the heat .to the lime or cement rock to be calcined, which, as is Well "known, requires a variation in the degree of heat as it varies 'in hardness and f other qualit'ies; andthe deterioration in the qualityof thelime by the action of the sulphur in the coal, and lby the mingling of ashestherewith. These-'objections also exist `to a certain extent when wood is used as fuel. y

v.The object of. my invention is to obviate these objections, by producing a perfect com'- bustion and auniform heat absolutely controllable at will, whichenables meto produce and' maintain a greater or less degree of heat at pleasure, according to the nature of lime or cement rock to becalcined, and other conditions, insuring aneven calcination from a liquid fuel whichv does not deteriorate the quality of lime or cement.

My lnvention consists as improvements in the art of manufacturing lime and cementessentially in the method of manufacturing lime lor cement at a single" operation and producing an even quality of the same, which consists in subjecting the lime or cementvrock .to the action ofheat produced `by the active combustion of liquid fuelor vapor produced therefrom, associated with steam, superheated `or not, and air, *as will4 be hereinafter more fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification, I have shown an apparatus, by'means of which my invention may be carried out. y

Figure l is a verticalsection of a limekiln, having peculiar Vcombustion-chambers, and showing means for supplying liquid fuel, or vapor produced therefrom, steam, and air thereto. Fig. 2 is a front elevation `of the same. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same, showing also a steam-boiler tank for containing liquid fuel in vapor produced therefrom, and a superheater. Fig. llis a detached vertical section of one construction of pipes for introducing .steam and liquid fuel orvapor produced therefrom into the combustion-chamber. Y

Ais the-shaft of a limekiln, of any desired and well-known form. This in kilns in which wood is consumedusually has one or more apertures, in which the wood is burned, which .extend from the line a b to the Walls of the Y, extending upward on each side of the comA bastion-chamber C, and communicating therewith through apertures cin the walls I. These apertures should beat least one fourth of the area of the walls I, where they form the sides of the combustion-chamber, in order that the air may readily and freely pass into the latter` The quantity of air entering these air-cham bers may be controlled by dampers J, if de sired. These air-chambers'H may connec with the air-chambers E, orbe independeni thereof, and one of themgmay betemploye(l with each combustion-chamber, though I pre Afer to use two, as shown. -L is a steam-boilei of any well-known construction. 4K is a tanl containing liquid fuel, yor vapor produced therefrom,;made sufciently strong to lwith stand the same pressure as the steam-boiler. This tank may be supplied with liquid fuel or vapor produced th` refrein by any of the Wellknown methods or means in common use.

in order that the steam-pressure may be used to force 4the liquid fuel or vapor producedltherefrom out of said tank, through pipes'W W', hereinafter described, into the combustionchamber or chambers. A cock, d,.is provided in this pipe to shut olf communication Withv. the boiler while steam is being raised, or for:

other purposes, and controll the pressure-in said tank. A pipe, N, extends from the steamboiler and vconnects with asuperheater, O, pro-- vided .with 'cocks ef. A pipe, N connects said; superheater with a pipe, U. These pipes Ni and N' are also connected by a pipe, Z, provided with a cock, g. By closing the cock g and opening cocks e f the steam is made to pass through the superheater. By opening cock y and closing e fit is made to pass directly to the pipe U. This latter pipe has connectedto it a series of pipes, U', one for each combustiomchamber.

of a pipe, S, contracted at its outer end,which fits into the outer wall of the combustion-chamber, andv extends through the same. Within yeach of the connections .R is a smaller T-con-` nection, V, which receives a pipe, W, connect ed-directly, through pipe W1, with the tank K. A small pipe, X, extends from one end of the connection V, through 'the aperture in the end of the pipe S, an annular'space being `left between it `and the said aperture,- through which steam-may issue. The other endof the connection V is left open.

Each ofthe pipes U and W is provided lwith a cock, h, to control the passage of the or vapor 'produced steam and liquid fuel, therefrom.

In `the drawing I have shown four combustion-chambers, two on each side of the kiln, and this is the number for large kilns that I prefer to use. A larger number may,how ever, be employed for large kilns, ora'smaller number for small kilns, each of which being provided -with an air-chamber or air-chambers H and E, either with or without dampersto regulate the quantity of air, and each having connected therewith a pipe, S, provided'with, T-connections R V, and pipes to supply steam their substantial equivaf A" E pipe, M, connects the boiler with the tankK,

Each of these pipes isprovided with a T-connection, R, which is connected to its combustion-chamber by means v 'enterandj associatelin the--combustion-cham bier, jin. whichfgan, active .combustion takes place, the intense heat therefrom acting upon therock and calcining the same.

The lime thus produced falls down, free from sulphur or ashes, and is removedin the ordinaryl manner.

By means` of the liquid fuel or vapor produced therefrom, associatedwith steam, either superheated or at any temperature or pressure, and air in the combustion-chamber, Iam enabled to produce and maintain a perfect combustion anda uniform heat, which,

'by means of the cocks and dampers, is absolutely controllable at will, as the nature of the lime or cement rock or other conditions requires.

The steam passes `with vthe liquid fuel or vapor produced therefrom through vthe con- Anection V` and pipe X, as well as through the pipe S, into the combustion-chamber.

It and the'liquid fuel or vapor produced therefrom may, however, pass through independent pipes brought in close proximity in the combustion-chamber, or'the fuel and steam pipes may be joined, and 'the fuel and steam pass 'through the same pipe into the combustionchamber.

In some'of these cases where liquid fuel is used it 'is vaporized. In some itis sprayed, and in others it becomes a spray and vapor mixed before reaching the combustion-chamber-depending somewhat upon the distance the fuel and steam travel together in the pipes, and uponthe temperature and pressure ofthe steam.

. The air which supplies the 'combustionchamber may also be heated if found desired,

or controlled by a blast.

Although I have described the aboveapparatus for carrying out my invention,-I'do not confine "myself to its exact construction,

as vit may be varied without departing from my invention.

Any Aliquid fuel or vapor produced there- 'from which isfree from sulphur will answer, Ialthough I 'prefer to use petroleum or other 'liquid hydrocarbons or vapor produced therefrom, on laccountof their 'comparative cheapness.

By means of 4my improvement lime or ce- 'ment rock iscalcine'd'at one operation, so as toproduce an even quality of lime, free from Vashesl or sulphur, with such regularity that the product of ya limekiln with my improvementy is increased four hundred per cent.

lover one of the same size constructed in the ordinary manner in which coal or wood is used.

No smoke'is produced to annoy the workmen and the neighborhood, and deteriorate the quality of the lime. The cost of the fuel is reduced by reason of the complete control ofthe draft 'and of the fuel employed, and

. the perfect combustioninduced in the combustion-chamber of said fuel, associated with steam and air. Y

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The method of manufacturing lime or ce- 'ment at a single operation, and producing an even quality of the same, which consists in subjecting the lime or cement rock to the action of heat, produced by the active com-- hustion of the described iquid fuel or vapor' produced therefrom, associated With steam,

superheatd" or not, and air, substantially as specified. A

In testimony whereof I-have signed my name to this specification in the presence. of two subscribing Witnesses. ANANIAS SMITH.

Witnesses: f

M. B. PHILIPP, C. H. RIDENOUR. 

